Diabetes, Metabolics and Hormones

What is diabetes?

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder and  a life-changing condition in which a person can have a buildup of  glucose in their bloodstream.

Metabolic syndrome describes the  combination of diabetes, high blood pressure and obesity. 

Which hormone regulates the metabolism of blood sugar? 

Insulin and glucagon work together to keep our blood sugar stable.  Insulin helps to stop our blood sugar from rising too high (hyperglycaemia), while  glucagon  helps to prevent blood sugar from dropping too low (hypoglycaemia).

How many types are there?

 In Type 1 , the body’s immune system destroys cells that produce insulin. In Type 2 diabetes, the body does not produce enough insulin, or does not react properly to it. There are a range of other types including gestational (which develops in pregnancy).

What are the  signs and symptoms of diabetes?

No two people are the same, and signs and symptoms will differ between people. Common symptoms however include increased thirst and urination, fatigue and weight loss.

What are the complications of diabetes ?

It can increase people’s risk of serious long term health complications. These include eye, foot and kidney problems, heart disease and stroke,  dementia,  nerve damage and amputations. 

Can you reduce your risk of diabetes?

Type 1 cannot be prevented, but type 2 is more likely to develop with risk factors. A healthy weight and lifestyle can greatly reduce a person’s risk of type 2.

Why do we need more research?

There is currently no cure.

With increasing numbers of people living with diabetes, or at risk, research is critical to improve prevention, treatment and management. Through research, we can reduce suffering, manage risk factors and complications, and improve people’s quality of life.  

Discover findings from NIHR-funded research below